Two islands, P and Q, are similar in habitat and other features. They are 100 and 200 km2 in size respectively, but have the same number of species. Which of the following statements can independently explain this observation?

(i) P is closer to the mainland than Q

(ii) P is further away from the mainland than Q

(iii) P has higher speciation rates than Q

(iv) P has lower speciation rates than Q

#Question id: 11068

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A patient has a dead space of 150 ml, functional residual capacity of 3 L, tidal volume of 650 ml, expiratory reserve volume of 1.5 L, total lung capacity of 8 L, and respiratory rate of 15 breaths/min. What is the residual volume?

#Question id: 11069

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A 22-year-old woman inhales as much air as possible and exhales as much air as she can producing the spirogram shown in the figure. A residual volume of 1.0 L was determined using the helium dilution technique. What is her functional residual capacity (in liters)?

#Question id: 11070

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A patient has a dead space of 150 ml, functional residual capacity of 3 L, tidal volume of 650 ml, expiratory reserve volume of 1.5 L, a total lung capacity of 8 L, respiratory rate of 15 breaths/min. What is the alveolar ventilation?

#Question id: 11071

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

At the end of inhalation, with an open glottis, the pleural pressure is

#Question id: 11072

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The following diagram shows pulmonary airway resistance expressed as a function of pulmonary volume. Which relationship best describes the normal lung?

#Question id: 11073

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The respiratory passageways have smooth muscle in their walls. Which of the following best describes the effect of acetylcholine and epinephrine on the respiratory passageways?