#Question id: 7234
#Unit 5. Developmental Biology
Studies from the sea urchin developmental biology, Eric Davidson’s group envisions a network involving cis regulatory elements (such as promoters and enhancers) in a logic circuit connected to one another by transcription factors. Following statements are given regarding to this network.
A. The network receives its first inputs from transcription factors in the egg cytoplasm.
B. The network self-assembles from the ability of the maternal transcription factors to recognize cis-regulatory elements of particular genes that encode other transcription factors.
C. The new set of transcription factors activate autocrine signaling pathways that activate specific transcription factors in neighboring cells.
D. This network of interconnections among genes that specify cell types known as a gene regulatory network (GRN).
Which of the following statements are correct?
#Question id: 7235
#Unit 5. Developmental Biology
Following statements are regarding to the wingless gene in drosophila.
A.
In the cells transcribing the wingless gene, wingless mRNA is translocated by
its 3’UTR to the apex of the cell. At the apex, the wingless message is translated
and secreted from the cell.
B.
The cells expressing engrailed can bind this protein because they contain
Patched, which is the Drosophila membrane receptor protein for Wingless.
C.
Binding of Wingless to Frizzled activates the hedgehog signal transduction
pathway, resulting in the continued expression of engrailed.
D.
Wingless protein also acts in an autocrine fashion, maintaining its own
expression.
Which of the following combinations is correct?
#Question id: 7236
#Unit 5. Developmental Biology
Which of the following statement justified that the PMZ in chick is
functionally equivalent to the amphibian Nieuwkoop center?
A.
The posterior marginal zone produces Wnt8c and that, the PMZ cells secrete Vg1,
a member of the TGF-β family.
B.
PMZ cells capable of inducing the accumulation of β-catenin
C.
PMZ cells secretes BMP, a member of the TGF-β family.
D.
PMZ secretes its own Nodal antagonist—the Lefty protein.
Which of the following combination is correct?
#Question id: 7237
#Unit 5. Developmental Biology
Following
statements were made regarding vulval development in C. elegans:
A.
The formation of the anchor cell is mediated by lin-12, the C. elegans homologue of the Notch gene.
B.
The formation of the anchor cell is mediated by lin-12, the C. elegans homologue of the Delta gene.
C.
The lin-12 gene needs to
function only in that cell destined to become the uterine precursor cell.
D.
Presumptive Anchor cell also need lin-12.
E. Two cells originally synthesize both the
signal for uterine differentiation (the LAG-2 protein, homologous to Delta) and
the receptor for this molecule (the LIN-12 protein, homologous to Notch.
F.
Only one cell synthesize both the signal for uterine differentiation (the LAG-2
protein, homologous to Delta) and the receptor for this molecule (the LIN-12
protein, homologous to Notch.
Which one of the following options represents a combination of incorrect statements?
#Question id: 7238
#Unit 5. Developmental Biology
Following
are the statements regarding to establishment of positive feedback loops for
limb bud formation.
A.
In the presumptive forelimb field, Tbx5 induces Wnt2b, which then upregulates
Fgf10, which in turn positively feeds back to maintain activation of both Wnt2b
and Tbx5.
B.
Mesodermal Fgf10 tells the surface ectoderm to continue to make Fgf8, and the
surface ectoderm continues to tell the underlying mesoderm to make Fgf10.
C.
Fgf10 provides the signal to initiate and propagate the limb-forming
interactions between ectoderm and mesoderm, and these signaling interactions
directly promote limb bud formation and growth.
D.
The Wnt protein acts through the canonical β-catenin pathway to induce Fgf8
expression in the ectoderm. This relay of signaling represents a foundational
stage in the formation of limb buds, because once Fgf8 is made in the surface
ectoderm, the surface ectoderm elongates to physically become the AER.
Which of the following statements correctly explained positive feedback loops during limb development?
#Question id: 7239
#Unit 5. Developmental Biology
C. elegans embryo uses both autonomous and conditional modes of specification.
Conditional specification at the 4-cell stage can be seen in the development of
the endoderm cell lineage and also in the establishment of dorsal-ventral axis.
Following are few statements regarding this figure:
A.
If the P2 cell is removed at the early 4-cell stage, the EMS cell will divide
into two MS cells and endoderm will be made.
B.
In pop-1 deficient embryos, both EMS daughter cells become MS cells.
C.
When the position of ABa and ABp was reversed, their fates get reversed and no
normal embryo forms.
D.
In embryos whose mother have mutant glp-1, ABp is transformed into ABa cell.
Which of the above statements are true?