unconjugated JA is hormonally active, many JA responses require activation of the hormone for optimal activity by conversion into an amino acid conjugate, such as

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 41049

#Unit 12. Biochemical Engineering

Q. Match the driving forces (Group I) with their resulting biological fluxes (Group II).

Group I

P. Nutrient concentration gradient

Q. Pressure gradient

R. Temperature gradient

Group II

i. Heat flux

ii. Fluid flux

iii. Nutrient flux

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 41050

#Unit 12. Biochemical Engineering

Q. Which of the following conditions correctly describes a system that has attained thermodynamic equilibrium?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 41051

#Unit 12. Biochemical Engineering

Q. In non-equilibrium thermodynamics, the rate of entropy production (𝝈) is expressed in terms of thermodynamic fluxes (𝑱_𝒊) and conjugate thermodynamic forces (𝑿_𝒊) as:

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 41052

#Unit 12. Biochemical Engineering

Q. Consider the following statements regarding thermodynamic forces, fluxes, and entropy production in biological/open systems:

P. Thermodynamic forces represent the driving tendency for a process to occur.

Q. For any spontaneous, irreversible process, the entropy production rate satisfies 𝝈≥𝟎.

R. At thermodynamic equilibrium, thermodynamic fluxes become maximal while entropy production drops to zero.

S. A non-zero thermodynamic flux driven by its conjugate force leads to continuous entropy production in irreversible processes.

Which of the following combinations of statements is CORRECT?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 41053

#Unit 12. Biochemical Engineering

Q. According to Fourier's law of heat conduction, the heat flux (𝑱𝒒) through a medium is related to the temperature gradient (𝜵𝑻). Which of the following equations correctly represents this constitutive relationship?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 41054

#Unit 12. Biochemical Engineering

Q. Consider heat flow across a biological tissue layer that behaves according to Fourier's law (𝑱𝒒=−𝒌𝜵𝑻). If the tissue undergoes a physiological change such that its thermal conductivity (𝒌) doubles, but the temperature gradient (𝜵𝑻) across the tissue is reduced to half of its original value, how will the new heat flux (𝑱𝒒′) compare to the initial heat flux (𝑱𝒒)?