TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12971


One group of ecologists has suggested that producers are limited by competition for resources, primary consumers (herbivores) are limited by predation, and secondary consumers (carnivores) are limited by food. If this were true, at which of the following trophic levels would one expect to find substantial evidence for competitive exclusion?

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles
  1. Producer only 
  2. Herbivore only
  3. Carnivore only 
  4. Producer and carnivore