Precision will be reduced, but yield will be increased

Optimisation of a PCR reaction is often a compromise between the competing demands for precision, efficiency and yield. Although the specific effects may vary, generally, increasing the annealing temperature will increase non-specific primer binding and reduce precision. Increasing the length of the elongation phase will reduce the proportion of incomplete newly-synthesised strands and therefore increase yield. In this case, the potential effect on efficiency is unclear. Increasing the elongation phase would increase the reaction time, but the time taken to ramp down to a lower annealing temperature would be reduced.

What would the expected effect be on a PCR reaction if the primers used were slightly shorter and more variable than the intended oligonucleotide sequences?

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#Question id: 21066

#Unit 12. Biochemical Engineering

To achieve complete separation of two pharmaceutical compounds (shown as two peaks in the chromatogram), the relative separation (RS) should be:

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#Question id: 20823

#Unit 12. Biochemical Engineering

In a plug flow bioreactor running at steady state, 12.5% cells are recycled back to the inlet. If the cells grow at μmax=1 h-1 throughout the length of the reactor (L=124 cm), then the flow velocity should be

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#Question id: 20824

#Unit 12. Biochemical Engineering

In a CSTR, first order reaction takes place converting A to B. If at a dilution rate (D)= 0.5 h-1, 50% of A gets converted to B, then the rate constant ‘k’ of the reaction is:

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#Question id: 20827

#Unit 12. Biochemical Engineering

A new spherical resin (of radius 300 urn) has been developed in which only the outer layer is activated to a depth of 100 um (as shown in figure). The fraction of the activated volume is: 

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#Question id: 20828

#Unit 12. Biochemical Engineering

In a fed batch cultivation, a specific growth rate of 0.2/h needs to be maintained. At the start of fedbatch cultivation, 200 mL/h of media is fed to 1000 mL of working volume. Quasi steady state shall be obtained if:

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#Question id: 20836

#Unit 12. Biochemical Engineering

Two columns of 1 m and 2 m height and of equal diameter are packed with beads containing immobilized enzyme. Substrate was fed to these two columns at flow rates of 10 mL/min (1 m column) and 20 mL /min (2 m column) and the corresponding conversion efficiencies obtained were 30% and 40% respectively. This demonstrates that the reaction is: