You are a scientist who is using genomics to currently study a new bacterial species that no one has ever studied before. The following sequence is a piece of DNA within the coding region of a gene that you have recently sequenced.

 

If you take any bacterial gene sequence, before you begin doing any sequence analysis on it, there are six potential open reading frames. Why are there six?

#Question id: 10542

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Following are certain strategies used by pathogen to attack over the host plant that describe plant-pathogen interactions:

                      I                                                                                             II

A. Necrotrophic pathogens                              i) most of the plant tissue remains alive and only minimal cell damage can be observed, as the pathogens feed on substrates provided by their host

B. Biotrophic pathogens                                 ii) In which the host cells are kept alive as described for biotrophic  Pathogens and followed by a necrotrophic stage, in which the pathogens can cause extensive tissue damage

C. Hemibiotrophic pathogens                         iii) attack their host by secreting cell wall–degrading enzymes or toxins, which eventually kill the affected plant cells, leading to extensive tissue maceration. This dead tissue is then colonized by the pathogens and serves as a food source

Which of the following above combination is correct?

#Question id: 10543

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Effectors are molecules that change the plant’s structure, metabolism, or hormonal regulation to the advantage of the pathogen, which of the following is effector molecules?

#Question id: 10544

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Fusicoccin is a nonspecific toxin from the fungus Fusicoccum amygdali function as,

#Question id: 10545

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Some given facts regarding effector molecules such as;

a) HC-toxin-induced plasma membrane hyperpolarization in guard cells causes massive K+ uptake and permanent stomatal opening

b) Xanthomonas, are proteins that target the plant cell nucleus and causes change in gene expression, called transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors bind to the host plant DNA and activate the expression of genes

c) Fusicoccin, a cyclic peptide, acts on the enzyme histone deacetylase in the nucleus, and may have a compromising effect on the expression of genes involved in defense

d) Gibberellins accelerate growth, resulting in bigger plants when compared with uninfested plants. The gibberellins produced by the fungi are identical to those produced endogenously by the plant

Which of the following combination is incorrect?

#Question id: 10546

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Given below are certain statements regarding plant-pathogen interactions: which one of the following is incorrect?

#Question id: 10547

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Which of the following responses are incorrect for closing of stomata?