Statement I: Commitment to androgenesis is achieved mainly by the overexpression of pollen maturation ('late') genes.

Statement II: In wheat, the synthesis of a metallothionein-like protein during induction is regulated by Abscisic Acid (ABA).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 38767

#Plant Biotechnology

Q.  Statement I: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) facilitates protoplast fusion by disturbing the plasma membrane organization.

Statement II: PEG can bind Ca²⁺ ions, which act as bridges between negatively charged PEG and plasma membrane components.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 38768

#Plant Biotechnology

Q. Statement I: PEG is negatively charged and can interact with cations such as Ca²⁺.

Statement II: Ca²⁺ ions can bind to negatively charged molecules on the plasma membrane, promoting membrane proximity.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 38769

#Plant Biotechnology

Q. Statement I: During the washing step, PEG may remove plasma membrane components bound to it.

Statement II: Removal of these components can destabilize membrane integrity and promote fusion of adjacent protoplasts.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 38770

#Plant Biotechnology

Q. Statement I: PEG-induced fusion is a consequence of controlled membrane damage and reorganization.

Statement II: Plasma membrane destabilization increases the likelihood of fusion between closely placed protoplasts.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 38771

#Plant Biotechnology

Q. Statement I: PEG can interact with both negatively and positively charged components of the plasma membrane.

Statement II: Such interactions reduce electrostatic repulsion between protoplasts.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 38772

#Plant Biotechnology

Q. Statement I: Protoplasts are isolated by enzymatic digestion of the cell wall using a combination of cellulase and pectinase.

Statement II: Cellulose microfibrils and pectic substances are major structural components of plant cell walls.