If a function ‘f’ is defined on R by

f (x) = 1 for x a rational number

= - 1 for x an irrational number, then

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#Question id: 40178

#Applied Microbiology

In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option.

Assertion (A): Substrate-level phosphorylation can occur in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic conditions).

Reason (R): This process relies on the creation of a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane to generate ATP.

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#Question id: 40179

#Environmental Science

 Which mineral is the softest according to the Mohs Hardness Scale?

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#Question id: 40180

#Applied Microbiology

Match the metabolic process in Column I with its correct characteristic or location in Column II.

Column I	Column II
A. Glycolysis	1. Generates ATP via Oxidative Phosphorylation using oxygen as the final acceptor.
B. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)	2. Occurs in the Cytoplasm; produces ATP via Substrate-level phosphorylation.
C. Electron Transport Chain	3. Occurs in the Mitochondrial Matrix; produces GTP/ATP via Substrate-level phosphorylation.

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#Question id: 40181

#Applied Microbiology

Read the following statements regarding ATP synthesis and choose the correct option.

Statement I: During substrate-level phosphorylation, ATP is synthesized directly from energy-rich metabolic intermediates.

Statement II: The enzyme ATP synthase is required for substrate-level phosphorylation to occur.

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#Question id: 40182

#Environmental Science

Which discontinuity separates the Earth's crust from the mantle?

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#Question id: 40183

#Applied Microbiology

Which of the following components is unique to the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and is responsible for its negative charge?