Free fatty acids in the bloodstream are:

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#Question id: 40205

#Applied Microbiology

Read the following statements regarding PCR and choose the correct option.

Statement I: DNA synthesis during PCR always proceeds in the 3' ---------5' direction.

Statement II: If the annealing temperature is set too low, it often leads to non-specific binding of primers and amplification of incorrect products. 

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#Question id: 40206

#Applied Microbiology

Assertion (A): Taq polymerase is preferred over normal DNA polymerases (like E. coli DNA Pol I) for PCR.

Reason (R): Taq polymerase has a proofreading activity (3'-------5'exonuclease) that ensures zero errors during amplification.

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#Question id: 40207

#Environmental Science

Assertion (A): The pH of normal rain is considered to be exactly 7.0 (Neutral).

Reason (R): Carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere dissolves in raindrops to form weak carbonic acid.

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#Question id: 40208

#Environmental Science

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Under the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification 2006, "Category A" projects require clearance from the Central Government (MoEFCC).

Statement II: "Category B" projects do not require any Environmental Clearance from either State or Central authorities.

In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:

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#Question id: 40209

#Applied Microbiology

The process by which ATP is synthesized using the energy released by the flow of protons (H⁺) across a membrane down their electrochemical gradient is known as:

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#Question id: 40210

#Applied Microbiology

Match the PCR step in Column I with the correct temperature range or characteristic in Column II.

Column I (PCR Step)	Column II (Condition / Event)
A. Denaturation	1. ∼72 °C; Optimum for Taq polymerase activity
B. Annealing	2. ∼94 °C; Hydrogen bonds break to separate DNA strands
C. Extension	3. ∼4 °C; Short-term storage after cycling
D. Final Hold	4. ∼50–65 °C; Primers bind to the template