Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Nigella is not a member of the family Characeae.

Reason (R): Nigella is a genus of angiosperms (flowering plants) known for producing black cumin seeds, whereas Characeae is an algal family.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:

#Question id: 2072

#Zoology

Which of the following structures would decrease the electrochemical gradient across a membrane?

#Question id: 2073

#Biochemistry

The phosphate transport system in bacteria imports phosphate into the cell even when the concentration of phosphate outside the cell is much lower than the cytoplasmic phosphate concentration. Phosphate import depends on a pH gradient across the membrane—more acidic outside the cell than inside the cell. In this bacterial cell, phosphate transport is an example of:

#Question id: 2073

#Zoology

The phosphate transport system in bacteria imports phosphate into the cell even when the concentration of phosphate outside the cell is much lower than the cytoplasmic phosphate concentration. Phosphate import depends on a pH gradient across the membrane—more acidic outside the cell than inside the cell. In this bacterial cell, phosphate transport is an example of:

#Question id: 2074

#Biochemistry

In some cells, there are many ion electrochemical gradients across the plasma membrane even though there are usually only one or two proton pumps present in the membrane. The gradients of the other ions are most likely accounted for by:

#Question id: 2074

#Zoology

In some cells, there are many ion electrochemical gradients across the plasma membrane even though there are usually only one or two proton pumps present in the membrane. The gradients of the other ions are most likely accounted for by:

#Question id: 2075

#Biochemistry

The force driving simple diffusion is: