With respect to microRNAs, which, if any, of the following statements, is FALSE?)

A. MicroRNA genes often occur in gene clusters within introns of protein-coding genes and are usually transcribed by RNA polymerase II.

B. Like an mRNA a miRNA is initially produced as a larger precursor RNA that, like the great majority of mRNAs, usually has a 5’ cap and a poly(A) tail.

C. MicroRNAs are produced by germ-line cells only.

D. A miRNA is initially produced as a duplex RNA but in order to work it needs to be converted into a single-strand RNA.

E. MicroRNAs usually work as transcription factors.

#Question id: 11185

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

Use the information in the table to answer the question. Calculate the equilibrium potential for sodium. Assume a temperature of 37°C.

#Question id: 11186

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

Refer to the following graph of an action potential to answer the question. The membrane potential is closest to the equilibrium potential for potassium at label ________.

#Question id: 11187

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

Refer to the following graph of an action potential to answer the question.

The membrane's permeability to sodium ions is greatest at label ________.

#Question id: 11188

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

Refer to the following graph of an action potential to answer the question.

The minimum graded depolarization needed to operate the voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels is indicated by the label ________.

#Question id: 11189

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

Refer to the following graph of an action potential to answer the question.

At label ________, the cell is not hyperpolarized; however, repolarization is in progress, as the sodium channels are inactivated or becoming inactivated, and many potassium channels have opened.

#Question id: 11190

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

For a neuron with an initial membrane potential at -70 mV, an increase in the movement of potassium ions out of that neuron's cytoplasm would result in the ________.