#Question id: 11188
#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology
Refer to the following graph of an action potential to answer the question.
The minimum graded depolarization needed to operate the
voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels is indicated by the label ________.
#Question id: 11189
#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology
Refer to the following graph of an action potential to answer the question.
At label ________, the cell is not hyperpolarized;
however, repolarization is in progress, as the sodium channels are inactivated
or becoming inactivated, and many potassium channels have opened.
#Question id: 11190
#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology
For a neuron with an initial membrane potential at -70 mV, an increase in the movement of potassium ions out of that neuron's cytoplasm would result in the ________.
#Question id: 11191
#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology
Opening all of the sodium channels on an otherwise typical neuron, with all other ion channels closed (which is an admittedly artificial setting), should move its membrane potential to ________.
#Question id: 11192
#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology
A graded hyperpolarization of a membrane can be induced by ________.
#Question id: 11193
#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology
Conduction and refractory periods (states) are typical of ________.