Optimisation of a PCR reaction is often a compromise between the competing demands for precision, efficiency and yield. Although the specific effects may vary, generally, increasing the annealing temperature will increase non-specific primer binding and reduce precision. Increasing the length of the elongation phase will reduce the proportion of incomplete newly-synthesised strands and therefore increase yield. In this case, the potential effect on efficiency is unclear. Increasing the elongation phase would increase the reaction time, but the time taken to ramp down to a lower annealing temperature would be reduced.

Which of the following techniques doesn’t involve use of a secondary antibody?

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#Question id: 12495

#Part-A Aptitude & General Biotechnology

Haemophilia A is a severe coagulation disorder that shows X-linked recessive inheritance. Red-green colour blindness also shows X-linked recessive inheritance. A man with both haemophilia A and colour blindness is referred for genetic counseling. Assume that his partner is not a carrier of either of these conditions. Which of the following is correct?

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#Question id: 12496

#Part-A Aptitude & General Biotechnology

A woman who has two brothers and a maternal uncle (her mother's brother) with non-specific X-linked mental retardation is referred for genetic counselling. There are no diagnostic tests available to help determine whether or not she is a carrier. Which of the following is correct?

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#Question id: 12497

#Part-A Aptitude & General Biotechnology

In this pedigree A and B represent alleles at a marker locus closely linked to the disease locus. Affected individuals are shown as shaded. The disease status in III 1 is unknown. Which of the following is correct?

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#Question id: 12498

#Part-A Aptitude & General Biotechnology

In this pedigree II 1 is affected with an autosomal recessive disorder. The disease status for II 2 and II 3 is unknown. A and B represent alleles at a locus which is tightly linked to the disease locus with recombination fraction of 0. On the basis of the linked marker genotypes II 2 can be told that: 

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#Question id: 12499

#Part-A Aptitude & General Biotechnology

On the basis of the linked marker genotypes II 3 can be told that:

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#Question id: 12500

#Part-A Aptitude & General Biotechnology

In this pedigree II 1 is affected with an autosomal recessive disorder. The disease status for II 2, II 3 and II 4 is unknown. A and B represent alleles at a locus which is tightly linked to the disease locus with recombination fraction of 0. On the basis of the linked markers II 2 can be told that: