Optimisation of a PCR reaction is often a compromise between the competing demands for precision, efficiency and yield. Although the specific effects may vary, generally, increasing the annealing temperature will increase non-specific primer binding and reduce precision. Increasing the length of the elongation phase will reduce the proportion of incomplete newly-synthesised strands and therefore increase yield. In this case, the potential effect on efficiency is unclear. Increasing the elongation phase would increase the reaction time, but the time taken to ramp down to a lower annealing temperature would be reduced.

Which of the following techniques doesn’t involve use of a secondary antibody?

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#Question id: 14803

#Part-A Aptitude & General Biotechnology

The percentage SIMILARITIES and IDENTITIES, respectively, between the two peptide sequences given below will be ______% and _____%.

Peptide I :

Ala-Ala-Arg-Arg-Gln-Trp-Leu-Thr-Phe-Thr-Lys-Ile-Met-Ser-Glu

Peptide II:

Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Tyr-Ile-Ser-Phe-Thr-Lys-Ile-Met-Arg-Asp

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#Question id: 14804

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

Calculate the percentage sequence identity for the pairwise alignment given below: 

                       H E L L O _

                       Y E L L O W

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#Question id: 14804

#Part-A Aptitude & General Biotechnology

Calculate the percentage sequence identity for the pairwise alignment given below: 

                       H E L L O _

                       Y E L L O W

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#Question id: 14822

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

Which of the following pertains to Borrelia burgdorferi?

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#Question id: 14831

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

A spirochete is a member of the phylum Spirochaetota, which contains distinctive diderm gram-negative bacteria, most of which have long, helically coiled cells. Movement of spirochetes occurs by means of structures called 

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#Question id: 14835

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

There are three main ways in which inducing signals may be passed between cells EXCEPT