Fluorine (the most electronegative element) is assigned a value of 4.0, and values range down to cesium and francium which are the least electronegative at 0.7

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9173

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9174

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The overall effect of migration is twofold: 

1.it prevents populations from becoming genetically different from one another, 

2.it increases genetic variation within populations.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9175

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Amount of change in allelic frequency due to migration

m= proportional of migratory individual in  recipient population

qI – frequency of allele in source population  

qII – frequency of allele in recipient population

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9176

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Adaptation is a characteristic that enhances the survival or reproduction of organisms .

Adaptations have evolved by natural selection, which is the centerpiece of On the Origin of Species

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9177

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Adaptation has costly side effects

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9178

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Fitness 

Fitness is defined as the relative reproductive success of one genotype compared with other genotypes in the population