Muscle cells have an abundant, modified smooth ER called the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

The release and reuptake of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum trigger myofibril contraction and relaxation, respectively

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8029

#Section 2: General Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9274

#Section 2: General Biology

Bacterial Nod genes are activated to initiate nodulation in plants by plant signals flavonoids

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8351

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

WASp activation requires two signals (This type of two-signal input, called coincidence detection):

1. regulatory phospholipid PIP2

2. small GTP-binding protein Cdc42

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#Id: 8636

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9211

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

THE MAGNITUDE OF GENETIC DRIFT

n  = population size

pq=allelic frequency

sp2=variance in allelic frequency among the populations