Muscle cells have an abundant, modified smooth ER called the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

The release and reuptake of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum trigger myofibril contraction and relaxation, respectively

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The overall change in allelic frequency

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Determining allelic frequencies at equilibrium

      

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Migration

Change in the allelic frequencies is the influx of genes from other populations, commonly called migration or gene flow

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The overall effect of migration is twofold: 

1.it prevents populations from becoming genetically different from one another, 

2.it increases genetic variation within populations.

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Amount of change in allelic frequency due to migration

m= proportional of migratory individual in  recipient population

qI – frequency of allele in source population  

qII – frequency of allele in recipient population