A hereditary form of emphysema illustrates the detrimental effects that can result from misfolding of proteins in the ER.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8536

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Plant cells rely extensively on augmin-dependent microtubule branching nucleation to organize the microtubule cytoskeleton because they lack centrosomes.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8535

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Augmin

an 8-subunit protein complex that binds to sites along the microtubule and recruits γ-TuRC, which nucleates a new microtubule to form a microtubule branch.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8534

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC)

nucleates assembly of a microtubule by forming a template corresponding to the (−) end. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8533

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Rescue 

The change from shrinkage to growth

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8532

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Catastrophe 

The change from growth to shrinkage

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8531

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Dynamic instability 

Rapid interconversion between a growing and shrinking state, at a uniform free tubulin concentration