In most mammalian tissues, ubiquinone (also called coenzyme Q) has 10 isoprene units.

Dolichols of animals have 17 to 21 isoprene units (85 to 105 carbon atoms), bacterial dolichols have 11, and those of plants and fungi have 14 to 24.

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#Section 2: General Biology

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#Section 2: General Biology

T-independent response

Type 1 T-independent (TI-1) antigens bind to B cells through both Ig and innate immune receptors. LPS from Gram negative organisms binds to B cells via both mIg and TLR, resulting in signaling from both receptors. 

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Type 2 T-independent

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Properties of thymus-dependent and thymus-independent antigens

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#Section 2: General Biology

Antigen pieces are held within the binding groove of a cell surface protein called the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule which recognized by T cell

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#Section 2: General Biology

Class I MHC, glycoproteins expressed on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells; the major function of the class I is presentation of endogenous peptide antigens to CD8+ T cells.