Autophagy occurs in the following sequence of steps:

Induction by activation of mTOR complex 1

• Nucleation of autophagosome formation by ATG9

• Closure of the membrane cup to form autophagosome

• Fusion of the autophagosome with lysosomes, catalyzed by SNAREs.

• Digestion of the inner membrane and the lumenal contents of the autophagosome

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10303

#Section 2: General Biology

T-cell costimulatory

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7732

#Section 2: General Biology

Atoms are indivisible particles that can't be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8969

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The amount of genetic variation by examining phenotypic variation was difficult because many traits, a complex interaction of many genes and environmental factors determines the phenotype

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8370

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

In the absence of ATP, the myosin head is firmly attached to the actin filament. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8052

#Section 2: General Biology

1. Glucogenic amino acids- which are degraded to pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, fumarate, or oxaloacetate and are therefore glucose precursors

2. Ketogenic amino acids- which are broken down to acetyl-CoA or acetoacetate and can thus be converted to fatty acids or ketone bodies