The two ends of microfilament polymerize at different rates:

fast-growing end - plus end

slow-growing end - minus end

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8974

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2249

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Chromosome Evolution

Fissions and fusion is the most common way for the number of chromosomes to change.

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, but all of the other great apes have 24 pairs. At some point since our lineage split from that of chimpanzees, two chromosomes fused

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8975

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8976

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Rate of evolution = Number of amino acid different / Total time

Hint:  Total time = 2xT

Rate of Change per amino acid per year = rate of evolution / total amino acid

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8977

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Molecular clock - The concept of a steady rate of change in DNA sequences over time. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8978

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Proportion of base pairs that differ between sequences(D) 

D= 2rt

r  = rate of divergence per base pair per million  

T = time