The two ends of microfilament polymerize at different rates:

fast-growing end - plus end

slow-growing end - minus end

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9284

#Section 2: General Biology

O2‐binding plant protein Lb plays an active role in regulating and delivering O2 in the infected cells

Bacterial respiration is the major O2 sink

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8631

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

APC/C core is organized into three modules: 

1. a scaffold module 

2. a catalytic module

3. a substrate recognition module

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8393

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Phosphorylation of MLC 

unfolds the myosin II, active and can assemble into bipolar filaments for contraction

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8963

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

If the duplicate is redundant and does not provide a fitness benefit, it will be lost by deletion or the accumulation of loss of-function mutations.

A second fate is that a duplicate can simply retain its original function.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7963

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

A hereditary form of emphysema illustrates the detrimental effects that can result from misfolding of proteins in the ER.