Proportion of base pairs that differ between sequences(D) 

D= 2rt

r  = rate of divergence per base pair per million  

T = time

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10359

#Section 2: General Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10360

#Section 2: General Biology

Plasma cell decision point

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10361

#Section 2: General Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10362

#Section 2: General Biology

T-independent response

Type 1 T-independent (TI-1) antigens bind to B cells through both Ig and innate immune receptors. LPS from Gram negative organisms binds to B cells via both mIg and TLR, resulting in signaling from both receptors. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10363

#Section 2: General Biology

Type 2 T-independent

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10364

#Section 2: General Biology

Properties of thymus-dependent and thymus-independent antigens