A fermenter is maintained at 35⁰C by water circulating at a rate of 0.5 kg s^-1 in a cooling coil inside the vessel. The inlet and outlet temperatures of the water are 8⁰C and 15⁰C respectively. The length of the cooling coil is increased by 50%. In order to maintain the same fermentation temperature, the rate of heat removal must be kept the same. Determine the new cooling-water flow rate and outlet temperature by carrying out the following calculations. The heat capacity of the cooling water can be taken as 4.18 kJ kg^- 1 o C^- 1. Determine the mean temperature difference with the original coil.

#Question id: 5249

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

What is the best explanation for why Bernard Davis didn't observe generalized transduction in his U tube experiments?

#Question id: 5250

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

A researcher would like to map the location of galE and trpA genes in a new species of bacterium that appears to be closely related to E. coli. He decides to use cotransduction, and generatesnappropriate donor and recipient strains. He is disappointed when cotransduction is not seen in his experiement. What is the most reasonable explanation for this situation?

#Question id: 5252

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Which type(s) of genetic transfer lead to incorporation of new DNA into the bacterial chromosome?

I. Conjugation mediated by F factor

II. Hfr mediated conjugation

III. Transduction

IV. Transformation

#Question id: 5253

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

In a hypothetical situation, the genes for sex pilus construction and for tetracycline resistance are located together on the same plasmid within a particular bacterium. If this bacterium readily performs conjugation involving a copy of this plasmid, then the resultshould be

#Question id: 5255

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Which of the following is a structure that permits conjugation to occur?

#Question id: 5256

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

If the experimental population of E. coli lacks an F factor or F plasmid, and if bacteriophage are excluded from the bacterial cultures, then which of these is a means by which beneficial mutations might be transmitted horizontally to other E. coli cells?