A fermenter is maintained at 35⁰C by water circulating at a rate of 0.5 kg s^-1 in a cooling coil inside the vessel. The inlet and outlet temperatures of the water are 8⁰C and 15⁰C respectively. The length of the cooling coil is increased by 50%. In order to maintain the same fermentation temperature, the rate of heat removal must be kept the same. Determine the new cooling-water flow rate and outlet temperature by carrying out the following calculations. The heat capacity of the cooling water can be taken as 4.18 kJ kg^- 1 o C^- 1. By how much are the cooling-water requirements reduced after the new coil is installed?_____________

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#Question id: 18663

#Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

When a protein exists in mono-, di- and tri-phosphorylated forms. The difference of a couple of phosphate groups has no significant effect on the overall relative molecular mass of the protein, hence a single band on SDS gels, but the small charge difference introduced on each molecule can be detected by

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#Question id: 18668

#Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

Enzymes and antibody can easily be detected in samples subjected to electrophoresis on cellulose acetate, by using the 

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#Question id: 18672

#Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

Larger DNA fragments up to 2 × 10 ³ kb can be separated by using

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#Question id: 18683

#Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

Eukaryotic mRNA can be separated by using 

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#Question id: 18685

#Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

Match the items in Group 1 with an appropriate description in Group 2 

Group I                                      Group 2 

P. UPGMA                             1. Protein sequence database

Q. CLUSTALW                       2. Phylogenetic Analysis

R. SWISS-PROT                    3. 3-D structure visualization

S. RasMol                              4. Multiple sequence alignment

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#Question id: 18686

#Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

Homology modeling may be distinguished from ab initio prediction because: