Pseudomonas methylotrophus is used to produce single-cell protein from methanol in a 1000 m³ pressure-cycle airlift fermenter. The biomass yield from substrate is 0.41 g g^{- 1}, K_S is 0.7 mg l^{- 1}, and the maximum specific growth rate is 0.44 h^{- 1}. The medium contains 4% (w/v) methanol. A substrate conversion of 98% is desirable. The reactor may be operated either in batch or continuous mode. If operated in batch, an inoculum of 0.01% (w/v) is used and the downtime between batches is 20 h. If operated continuously, a downtime of 25 d is expected per year. Neglecting maintenance requirements, compare the annual biomass production from batch and continuous reactors?

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#Question id: 10547

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

Which of the following responses are incorrect for closing of stomata?

#Question id: 10548

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

flg22-elicited response is dependent on the presence of the LRR receptor-like kinase, what will be the causes of mutant form of LRR receptor-like kinase FLS2?

#Question id: 10549

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

Following are the list of some of the molecular “danger signals” (column I) and its characteristics (column II)                                                                                         

 Column I                                                                                   Column II

 a) MAMPs                               i) produce from the pathogen molecules support their ability to successfully colonize their host and gain nutritional benefits

b) DAMPs                               ii) A plant response to insect herbivores involve both a wound response and the recognition of certain compounds abundant in the insect’s saliva or regurgitant

c) Effectors                             iii) are conserved among a specific class of microorganisms such as chitin for fungi, flagella for bacteria

d) Elicitor                                iv) molecules secrete from the damaging plant by herbivory such as Prosystemin

Which of the following is the correct match between the signals and their respective mechanism?

#Question id: 10550

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

Plants, in turn, evolved a second line of defense that recognize these intracellular effectors and trigger defense responses to render them harmless. As a result, plants possess a second type of immunity called,

#Question id: 10551

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

plants possess a second type of immunity mediated by a set of highly specific intracellular receptors known as nucleotide binding site–leucine rich repeat (NBS–LRR) receptors. How NBS–LRRs become activated,

#Question id: 10552

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

Inactive NBS–LRR receptor activated by binding with the effector molecules with decoys or guardees directly triggering the defense response by stimulating______A_______ into the cell and ______B_________ out of the cell.