system for manufacture of single-cell protein is Methylophilus methylotrophus. This organism is produced aerobically from methanol with ammonia as nitrogen source. The molecular formula for the biomass is CH _1.680_0.36N_0.22; these cells contain 6% ash. If the actual yield of biomass from methanol is 42% the thermodynamic maximum, what is the oxygen demand?

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#Question id: 27359

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

A double reciprocal plot was created from the specific growth rate and limiting-substrate concentration data obtained from a chemostat experiment. A linear regression gave values of 1.25 h and 100 mg hL-1 for the intercept and slope, respectively.

(a) The respective values of the Monod kinetic constants μm (h-1) and K. (mg L-¹) are as follows:

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#Question id: 27360

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

The same culture (with the m and K, values as computed above) is cultivated in a 10 L chemostat being operated with a 50 mL min-1 sterile feed containing 50 g L-1 of substrate. Assuming an overall yield coefficient of 0.3 (g- DCW) (g- substrate), the respective values of the outlet biomass and substrate concentrations are

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#Question id: 27361

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

A continuous stirred tank bioreactor produces 48 kg lysine.day-1. If the volumetric productivity is 2 g.l-1.h-1, the volume of the reactor is:

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#Question id: 27362

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

Continuous stirred tank fermenter is characterized by (biomass concentration X kg/m3, residual substrate is S kg/m3, Sf=substrate concentration in feed kg/m3, Dilution rate = D and µm>>D and Km<Sf, XD= the biomass productivity kg/m3h. If the dilution rate is doubled to 2D then the new steady state values in comparison with earlier steady state is characterized by

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#Question id: 27363

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Match the types of RNA in Group I with their corresponding function in Group II

Group I	Group II
P. miRNA	1. Silence complementary target mRNA .
Q. piRNA	2. Regulate gene expression in epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional levels, miRNA sponge
R. siRNA	3. Negatively regulate gene expression by promote mRNA degradation or inhibit mRNA translation
S. lncRNAs	4. Play roles in gametogenesis, maintain transposon silencing, translation suppression, epigenetic regulation

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#Question id: 27364

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Which statement best describes the distinction between the purposes of the two RNAi pathways within the eukaryotic cell?