Nitrogen (N) normally forms three covalent bonds with a valence of five. However, ammonium has four covalent bonds, each to a different hydrogen (H) atom (H has a valence of one). What do you predict to be the charge on ammonium?

#Question id: 10523

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

Conifer resin ducts, which are found in the cortex and phloem, contain a mixture of diverse terpenoids, which are released immediately upon damage by herbivores such as;

a) monocyclic terpenes like- limonene and terpinolene

b) bicyclic monoterpenes- α-pinene and β-pinene

c) tricyclic sesquiterpenes- longifolene, caryophyllene, and δ-cadinene

d) tetracyclic terpenes- longifolene, tetra-terpinolene terpenoids are incorrect?

#Question id: 10524

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

Members of the Poaceae family, which includes all of the cereal crops, use benzoxazinoids, these alkaloids shows;

a) Alkaloids are derived from the tryptophan as constitutively produced defensive secondary metabolites

b) These benzoxazinoids such as DIBOA and its derivative DIMBOA are usually stored in the peroxisome

c) Upon damage, the inactive glycosides are hydrolyzed, generating glucosinolate, which are toxic not only to insect herbivores but also against pathogens

d) DIBOA and DIMBOA perform insecticidal and pesticidal activities

e) It can be inactivated by hydroxylation and N-glycosylation reactions

Which of the following combination is correct about benzoxazinoids alkaloids?

#Question id: 10525

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

The major cyanogenic glycoside in_____i______ is _____ii______.

a) i-sorghum, ii-Amygdalin

b) i-sorghum, ii-dhurrin

c) i-Cassava, ii-lotaustralin

d) i-Cassava, ii-linamarin

Which one is incorrect combination of cyanogenic glycoside?

#Question id: 10526

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

What is elicitors? Which one is not belongs to the elicitor responses

#Question id: 10527

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

Based on their feeding behaviors, three major types of insect herbivores can be distinguished, which evades the constitutive defense;

A) Phloem feeders                                                                    i) caterpillars, grasshoppers, and beetles

B) Cell-content feeders                                                            ii) aphids and whiteflies

C) Chewing insects                                                                    iii) mites and thrips

Correctly match the feeding behaviour with its insects;

#Question id: 10528

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

The insect ingests plant tissue containing the fatty acids, an enzyme in the gut conjugates the plant-derived fatty acid to an insect-derived amino acid typically;