Which of the following plays a role in the relaxation of smooth muscle cells by nitric oxide?

a. cGMP          b. protein kinase A      c. protein kinase G      d. guanylyl cyclise

#Question id: 10536

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

Hormonal interactions contribute to plant–insect herbivore interactions such as— ethylene, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid. In particular, ethylene appears to play an important role in this context, what will be the effect of ethylene when is applied alone and when is applied with other amino acids?

a) ethylene applied together with JA it seems to reduces defense responses

b) Ethylene appears to applied alone to plants, ethylene has little effect on defense-related gene activation

c) when ethylene applied together with JA it seems to enhance JA responses or defense responses are significantly increased

d) Ethylene appears to applied alone to plants, ethylene has more effect on defense-related gene activation

Which of the following combination is correct about ethylene effects?

#Question id: 14201

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

A fluidized-bed, immobilized-cell bioreactor is used for the conversion of glucose to ethanol by Z. mobilis cells immobilized in k-carrageenan gel beads. The dimensions of the bed are 10 cm (diameter) by 200 cm. Since the reactor is fed from the bottom of the column and because of CO₂ gas evolution, substrate and cell concentrations decrease with the height of the column. The average cell concentration at the bottom of the column is X₀ = 45 g/l, and the average cell concentration decreases with the column height according to the following equation:

where Z is the column height (cm). The specific rate of substrate consumption is q_S = 2 g S/g cells . h. The feed flow rate and glucose concentration in the feed are 5 l/h and 160 g glucose/l, respectively.

Determine the ethanol productivity (g/l . h) if YP/S = 0.48 g ethanol/g glucose.

_______________

#Question id: 10549

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

Following are the list of some of the molecular “danger signals” (column I) and its characteristics (column II)                                                                                         

 Column I                                                                                   Column II

 a) MAMPs                               i) produce from the pathogen molecules support their ability to successfully colonize their host and gain nutritional benefits

b) DAMPs                               ii) A plant response to insect herbivores involve both a wound response and the recognition of certain compounds abundant in the insect’s saliva or regurgitant

c) Effectors                             iii) are conserved among a specific class of microorganisms such as chitin for fungi, flagella for bacteria

d) Elicitor                                iv) molecules secrete from the damaging plant by herbivory such as Prosystemin

Which of the following is the correct match between the signals and their respective mechanism?

#Question id: 1559

#Section 2: General Biology

Which of cytokine is responsible for Class Switch IgM into IgE

#Question id: 10799

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

Arabidopsis thaliana mutants that lack the enzyme chalcone synthase____