#Question id: 351
#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering
If the cytoplasm of a cell is at pH 7, and the mitochondrial matrix is at pH 8, then the concentration of H+ ions ________.
#Question id: 16873
#General Aptitude
#Question id: 27207
#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology
#Question id: 27214
#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology
#Question id: 14248
#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology
A steam steriliser is used to sterilise liquid medium for
fermentation. The initial concentration of contaminating organisms is 108
per litre. For design purposes, the final acceptable level of contamination is
usually taken to be 10-3cells; this corresponds to a risk that one
batch in a thousand will remain contaminated even after the sterilisation
process is complete. For how long should 1 m3 medium be treated if
the temperature is 140⁰C ________________.