Precision will be reduced, but yield will be increased

Optimisation of a PCR reaction is often a compromise between the competing demands for precision, efficiency and yield. Although the specific effects may vary, generally, increasing the annealing temperature will increase non-specific primer binding and reduce precision. Increasing the length of the elongation phase will reduce the proportion of incomplete newly-synthesised strands and therefore increase yield. In this case, the potential effect on efficiency is unclear. Increasing the elongation phase would increase the reaction time, but the time taken to ramp down to a lower annealing temperature would be reduced.

What would the expected effect be on a PCR reaction if the primers used were slightly shorter and more variable than the intended oligonucleotide sequences?

#Question id: 10539

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

All plants releases green-leaf volatiles in response to mechanical damage, this volatile is a mixture of

#Question id: 10540

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

The following statements are made regarding volatile compounds of plant;

a) secondary metabolites also fuction in defence mechanism but this is not the volatile compound

b) These volatiles can act as cues for natural enemies of the insect herbivore such as parasitic wasps

c) All plants releases green-leaf volatiles in response to mechanical damage that is a mixture of aldehydes, alcohols, and esters

d) These volatiles attracts natural enemies of the attacking insect herbivores—predators or parasites

Which one of the following options represents a combination of correct statements?

#Question id: 10541

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

Green-leaf volatiles act as potent signals,  which of the following option is incorrect about this volatile compound

#Question id: 10542

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

Following are certain strategies used by pathogen to attack over the host plant that describe plant-pathogen interactions:

                      I                                                                                             II

A. Necrotrophic pathogens                              i) most of the plant tissue remains alive and only minimal cell damage can be observed, as the pathogens feed on substrates provided by their host

B. Biotrophic pathogens                                 ii) In which the host cells are kept alive as described for biotrophic  Pathogens and followed by a necrotrophic stage, in which the pathogens can cause extensive tissue damage

C. Hemibiotrophic pathogens                         iii) attack their host by secreting cell wall–degrading enzymes or toxins, which eventually kill the affected plant cells, leading to extensive tissue maceration. This dead tissue is then colonized by the pathogens and serves as a food source

Which of the following above combination is correct?

#Question id: 10543

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

Effectors are molecules that change the plant’s structure, metabolism, or hormonal regulation to the advantage of the pathogen, which of the following is effector molecules?

#Question id: 10544

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

Fusicoccin is a nonspecific toxin from the fungus Fusicoccum amygdali function as,