Arrange the steps of stages in PCR in correct order.

1. The region to be specifically amplified is made accessible within the complex DNA.

2. The double stranded DNA is denatured by heating the reaction mixture to above 90 degree Celsius.

3. A thermal cycler is used to incrementally decrease the annealing temperature.

4. Reaction mixture is then cooled to a temperature between 40 and 60 degree celsius.

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#Question id: 14286

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

 When a liquid of density 1200kg/m3 and viscosity 0.01 kg m^-1s^-1 flows through a 1 cm ID pipe at 0.2m/s, the flow is referred as a 

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#Question id: 14287

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

A chemostat is run with a feed rate of llitre/h when the volume of the reactor is also 1 litre. At steady state the doubling time of the cells in the chemostat is.....   h. 

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#Question id: 14288

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

During a batch culture experiment the following data was obtained 

What will be the product yield (g) per gram of substrates?

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#Question id: 14289

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

In a fermenter the impeller diameter is increased from 0.5m to 1m and the rpm is increased from 100 rpm to 400 rpm. Reynolds number will increase by?

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#Question id: 14290

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

Acetobacter aceti converts alcohol to acetic acid according to the schiometric relation

In a vigorously agitated and aerated reactor containing 20 g/l ethanol, the organism produces 16g/l acetic acid and 2g/l was the residual ethanol concentration what are the theoretical and observed yields of acetic acid expressed in g/g ethanol

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#Question id: 14291

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

In a batch sterilization process if  overall,  heating &  cooling are 32.2, 9.8 & 10.1 respectively, THEN the holding time at 121^^o-C of the process is (given that the specific death rate (k) of microorganisms at 121^^o-C is 2.54 min-1 ):