In downstream processing of gluconic acid, concentrated fermentation broth containing 20% (w/w) gluconic acid is cooled in a heat exchanger prior to crystallisation. 2000 kg h^-1 liquid leaving an evaporator at 90°C must be cooled to 6°C. Cooling is achieved by heat exchange with 2700 kg h^-1 water initially at 2°C. The final temperature of the cooling water is 50°C. 

Assume (heat capacity of gluconic acid is 0.35 cal g^-1 °C^-1).

h (liquid water at 90°C = 376.9 kJ kg^-1)

h (liquid water at 6°C = 25.2 kJ kg^-1)

h (liquid water at 2°C = 8.4 kJ kg^-1 )

h (liquid water at 50°C = 209.3 kJ kg^-1)

h (gluconic acid at 90°C=0)

How much heat is removed to the cooling water?

#Question id: 3324

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

If only 20 males and 20 female grizzlies exist today, but only 10 of the males and 6 female breed, what are effective population size?

#Question id: 3325

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The frequency of the dominant red allele (R) in a population of diploid organisms is equal to the frequency of the recessive white allele (r). The frequency of red individuals assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is (express the frequency using decimal notation, not as a fraction or a percentage)

#Question id: 3326

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

What are the assumptions of Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?

#Question id: 3327

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Birds that are brood parasites lay eggs in the nests of other birds. This is a successful strategy for the parasite only if

#Question id: 3328

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The fitness of a genotype is higher when it is rare in a population. Which of the following types of selection is most likely operating?

#Question id: 3329

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The following genotypes of one locus in population are given  - Genotype ( Number)

AA (120)  AB ( 30)  BB  (50) CC  (300)

AC  (400)  BC (100)

Which of the following is the correct frequency of C allele and A allele respectively?