Which of these naturalists synthesized a concept of natural selection independently of Darwin?

#Question id: 10717

#Section 1: Ecology

Following represents four different regions, each with four different sites on different-sized mountains. Which of the following statement is correct? 

a) In region ‘a’ gamma diversity (γ) is one, and alpha diversity (α) diversity is also 1

b) In region ‘b’ gamma diversity (γ) is 4, and alpha diversity (α) diversity is 1

c) In region ‘c’ gamma diversity (γ) is six, and beta diversity (β) diversity is 2

d) The gamma diversity (γ) are same in region ‘c’ and‘d’.

#Question id: 10718

#Section 1: Ecology

A researcher collects data on plant species composition in two habitats (P and Q) by using 10 quadrats each in both habitats. She calculates the average a-diversity and the 13-diversity of each habitat from this data (shown below). Which of the following can be inferred about these habitats? 

A) Q has greater total diversity (γ) and more heterogeneous than P

B) Q has lower total diversity (γ) and less heterogeneous than P

C) P has lower total diversity (γ) and more heterogeneous than Q

D) P has greater total diversity (γ) and more heterogeneous than Q

#Question id: 10719

#Section 1: Ecology

#Question id: 10720

#Section 1: Ecology

What is the Jaccard index between the two communities?

#Question id: 10721

#Section 1: Ecology

#Question id: 10722

#Section 1: Ecology