In a hypothetical environment, fishes called pike-cichlids are visual predators of large, adult algae-eating fish (in other words, they locate their prey by sight). The population of algae-eaters experiences predatory pressure from pike-cichlids. Which of the following is least likely to result in the algae-eater population in future generations?

#Question id: 11054

#Section 1: Ecology

In red grouse populations on the grasslands, many males do not acquire territories. Which of the following is least likely to be a valid hypothesis about these male grouse?

#Question id: 11055

#Section 1: Ecology

Poison arrow frogs have brightly coloured skin patterns of blue, orange, yellow and red. This skin adornment is an example of what kind of defense against predation?

#Question id: 11056

#Section 1: Ecology

The "dead-leaf" butterfly is aptly named. This is an example of what kind of defense against predation?

#Question id: 11057

#Section 1: Ecology

Bombardier beetles release an explosive mixture of quinones and hydrogen peroxide from glands at the end of their abdomen when disturbed by grasshopper mice and other predators. This is an example of what kind of defense against predation?

#Question id: 11058

#Section 1: Ecology

The pufferfish, a common marine fish, has extensive spines that extend outward when it swallows water, becoming several times its normal size. This is an example of what kind of defense against predation?

#Question id: 11169

#Section 1: Ecology

The viceroy butterfly (limenitis archippus) resembles the queen butterfly (danaus gilippus), a species toxic to birds because of alkaloids it stores during larval development from the milkweeds it feeds upon. The viceroy butterfly is an example of what kind of defense against predation?