All of the following may be considered as sites for secondary succession EXCEPT

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#Question id: 12347

#Section 1: Ecology

A team of conservation biologists, surveying a population of frogs on an island, captured and marked 312 individuals in the first sample. In a second sampling, 3 days later, the team caught 140 individuals of which 26 were previously marked. The total number of frogs on the island is estimated to be . (Use decimal notation, not fractions or percentage)

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#Question id: 12346

#Section 1: Ecology

The schematic below shows the relationship between survivorship with age (relative to maximum lifespan) in Species 1 (dashed line) and Species 2 (solid line). Which of the following inferences is compatible with this figure?

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#Question id: 12344

#Section 1: Ecology

The concept of punctuated equilibrium refers to

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#Question id: 12343

#Section 1: Ecology

Hybrids between some related species of plants are sterile because the parent plants had different chromosome numbers. Occasionally the chromosome number of such a hybrid  plant doubles spontaneously. Which of the following best describes the descendants of those plants with the double chromosome number?

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#Question id: 12342

#Section 1: Ecology

Which of the following is a biological attribute that would most likely allow a species to become cosmopolitan in distribution?

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#Question id: 12340

#Section 1: Ecology

Keystone species are thought to have profound effects on the structure and composition of ecological communities because they