TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 10845


Pseudomyrmex ants live exclusively in the swollen thorns of acacia trees. In return for food and shelter provided by the trees, the ants aggressively defend the tree from leaf-eating insects. This interaction between ants and acacias represents an example of

#Section 1: Ecology
  1. Interspecific competition
  2. Obligate mutualism
  3. Herbivory
  4. Carnivory