A prospective observational study on the relationship between sleep deprivation and heart disease was done by Ayas, et. al. (Arch Intern Med 2003). Women who slept at most 5 hours a night were compared to women who slept for 8 hours a night (reference group). After adjusting for potential confounding variables like smoking, a 95% confidence interval for the relative risk of heart disease was (1.10, 1.92). Based on this confidence interval, a consistent conclusion would be

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12146

#Section 2: Evolution

Which of the following is not a density-dependent factor? 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 11714

#Section 1: Ecology

In recognizing patchiness in the natural world, ecologists have developed three different models of populations. Which of these recognize(s) that there are differences in the quality of habitat patches without considering effects of differences in habitat quality within the habitat matrix?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 11768

#Section 1: Ecology

As documented by peter and rosemary grant, the population of the medium ground finch on the tiny island of Daphne major in the Galápagos archipelago responded how to changes in food resources associated with climate changes:

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 4632

#Section 2: Evolution

Which of these conditions should completely prevent the occurrence of natural selection in a population over time?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 9209

#Section 2: Evolution

Introduced species can have deleterious effects on biological communities by ________.