B cells migrate to the lymphoid follicles. They are directed there by chemokine interactions between CXCL13, which is secreted by follicular dendritic cells (FDCs).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9500

#XL - R Botany

Maize genotypes that carry the Hm1 gene, which encodes an enzyme that can metabolize and thereby detoxify HC toxin are resistant to C. carbonum.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9501

#XL - R Botany

Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici produces the AAL toxin,

which activates a plant cell death program in tomato (Solanum

lycopersicum) leaves.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9502

#XL - R Botany

ToxA is produced by both Stagonospora nodorum and Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis, which cause glume blotch and tan spot disease, respectively, on wheat (Triticum spp.).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9503

#XL - R Botany

The ToxA gene encodes a 13‐ kDa polypeptide. ToxA stimulates host cell death in a light dependent manner by binding to Plastocynin.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9504

#XL - R Botany

Xanthomonas, produces TAL (transcription activator‐like) effectors contribute to disease formation or trigger defense by binding host DNA and activating effector‐specific host genes.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9505

#XL - R Botany

PthXo1, a TAL effector of the rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae, activates expression of the rice gene Os8N3, allowing Xanthomonas to colonize rice plants.