T-independent response

Type 1 T-independent (TI-1) antigens bind to B cells through both Ig and innate immune receptors. LPS from Gram negative organisms binds to B cells via both mIg and TLR, resulting in signaling from both receptors. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8909

#XL - T Zoology

Separase cleaves centromeric cohesin, triggering the onset of anaphase, releasing the sister chromatids

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8910

#XL - T Zoology

Before anaphase Separase is inhibited by the binding of the protein securin and Mitotic CDKs.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8911

#XL - T Zoology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8912

#XL - T Zoology

When all the kinetochores have properly attached to spindle microtubules, APC/CCdc20 directs ubiquitinylation of securin and mitotic cyclins

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8913

#XL - T Zoology

APC/CCdc²⁰ is inhibited by a checkpoint pathway that ensures that anaphase is not initiated until all chromosomes have achieved proper attachment to the mitotic apparatus.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8914

#XL - T Zoology

Following securin degradation and a decrease in mitotic CDK activity, separase cleaves the Scc1 subunit, breaking the cohesin circles.