When gametophytes grow upon the soil and form independent plants “Exosporic”

eg: Psilotum, Pteris, Lycopodium

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The cristae’s membranes are the site of ATP synthesis thus the invaginations increase the mitochondrion’s capacity to generate ATP.

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#XL - Q Biochemistry

Crista junction

The connection between the inner boundary membrane and a crista

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The curvature of the crista junctions is due to a protein complex called MICOS (mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system).

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MICOS has an integral membrane protein subunit that homo-oligomerizes and bends the inner membrane to produce high curvature.

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MICOS mediates close juxtaposition of the outer membrane and inner membrane by binding to outer membrane–associated proteins

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#XL - Q Biochemistry

The binding partners for MICOS in the outer membrane are Tom and SAM protein complexes, (involved in import of proteins into the mitochondria).