Classification of peteridophytes

IV.  Filicophyta(Ferns)

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The cytosolic isozyme has two distinct functions. It catalyzes the conversion of citrate to isocitrate, providing the substrate for a cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase that generates NADPH as reducing power for fatty acid synthesis and other anabolic processes in the cytosol. It also has a role in cellular iron homeostasis.

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Polyandrous

In polyandrous mating systems, one female mates with many males.

Honeybees are polyandrous because the queen often mates with multiple males.

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TGF-β activation

By cytoskeletal force transmitted by integrins

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Monocot stem

Epidermis ; 

Consist of Parenchyma cells and covered with cuticle.

Hypodermis ;

Cells of Hypodermis are Sclerenchymatous

Vascular bundles ;

They lie Scattered in the Ground tissue.

Each Vascular Bundle is surrounded by 2 or 3 layered Sclerenchymatous sheath called as Bundle sheath.

Conjoint, Collateral, Closed and Endarch