Anomalous secondary growth

Several dicotyledons show secondary growth that is different from normal  secondary growth. The deviating methods of secondary thickening are called  abnormal or anomalous secondary growth. 

e.g., Bougainvillea (Dicot)

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an anion channel blocker, NPPB (5-nitro-2-[4-phenylbutylamino]- benzoate), prevents the blue light–dependent membrane depolarization and decreases the inhibitory effect of blue light on hypocotyl elongation.

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Phototropins (phots) are involved in directing organ, chloroplast, and nuclear movements, solar tracking, and stomatal opening

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In Mougeotia, the photoreceptors regulating chloroplast movement consist of a fusion between phytochrome and a phototropin known as neochrome, and show typical bilin binding as well as red/far-red reversibility.

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Mougeotia appears to have evolved the ability to exploit red light as a signal to induce a response (chloroplast movement) that is typically mediated by blue light.

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phot1 is the primary phototropic receptor mediates phototropism in response to low and high fluence rates of blue light. 

phot2 mediates phototropism in response to high light intensities

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Phototropin receptors are associated with the plasma membrane, where they function as light-activated serine/threonine kinases.