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#XL - R Botany

Phenolic compounds

Flavonoids may protect against damage by ultraviolet Light

Isoflavonoids have antimicrobial activity

Isoflavonoids are found mostly in legumes such as the rotenoids, have strong insecticidal actions; others have anti-estrogenic effects. 

For example, sheep grazing on clover rich in isoflavonoids often suffer from infertility

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#XL - R Botany

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#XL - R Botany

Tannins deter feeding by herbivores

Plant tannins also serve as defenses against microorganisms.

For example, the nonliving heartwood of many trees contains high concentrations of tannins that help prevent fungal and bacterial decay

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#XL - R Botany

Nitrogen - containing compounds

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#XL - R Botany

Various nitrogenous protective compounds other than alkaloids are found in plants.

Two groups of these substances— cyanogenic glycosides and glucosinolates—are not in themselves toxic but are readily broken down to give off volatile poisons when the plant is crushed

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#XL - R Botany

Example of  CG- almonds, sorghum, cassava, lima beans, stone fruits and bamboo shoots

Example of glucosinolates- Brassicaceae family of plants, including broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, rapeseed, mustard, and horseradish