Eukaryotic cells have two isozymes of aconitase

• The mitochondrial isozyme (convert citrate to isocitrate in the citric acid cycle)

• The cytosolic isozyme 

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A plot of the amount of ligand bound to the receptor

[RL] versus the amount of free ligand [L] called a

ligand-binding or saturation curve

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The levels of insulin present in the body and the Kd for binding of insulin to its receptor on liver cells,

1.4 × 10−10 M (0.14 nM). The normal concentration of insulin in the blood is  5 × 10−12 M. 

The fraction of insulin receptors with bound insulin, [RL]/[RT], at equilibrium as 0.0344

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The tighter the binding of a ligand to its receptor,the lower the concentration of ligand needed to achieve binding to 50 percent of the receptors.

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#Id: 9040

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GPCR function as GEFs for heterotrimeric G protein.

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#Id: 9041

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Heterotrimeric G proteins directly bind to and are activated by G protein coupled receptors.