About 75% of the charged residues in proteins are members of ion pairs that are located mostly on the protein surface.

Despite the strong electrostatic attraction interactions contribute little to the stability of a native protein.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10015

#XL - T Zoology

A cytosolic complex contains

kinases Fused ; PKA, GSK3β, and CK1, Ci, and SUFU

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10016

#XL - T Zoology

Cytosolic complex is bound to a microtubule by the kinesin-related motor protein Costal-2 (Cos2).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10017

#XL - T Zoology

In this complex, Ci becomes phosphorylated in a series of steps catalyzed by PKA, GSK3β, and CK1.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10018

#XL - T Zoology

The phosphorylated Ci is proteolytically cleaved by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, generating an N-terminal fragment Ci75, which functions as a transcriptional repressor of Hh target genes.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10019

#XL - T Zoology

Hh binds to Ptc, causing Ptc to be endocytosed from the cell surface and degraded, relieving the inhibition of Smo.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10020

#XL - T Zoology

The C-terminal segment of Smo binds Cos2, and Smo is stabilized from degradation