Pitfall traps set into the ground catch wandering species such as beetles and spiders. These have rain covers to prevent the animals from drowning

 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4688

#XL - T Zoology

Evolution might favor traits that benefit the population or species, When one individual’s behavior benefits another, the behavior is cooperative.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4689

#XL - T Zoology

When the fitness interests of two individuals are different, they are in conflict.

The evolution of cooperation and conflict depends on when these kinds of behaviors are favored by natural selection.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4690

#XL - T Zoology

Selfish (cheater) genotypes are expected to increase within populations, a trait that benefits the group would have to evolve by selection among groups, rather than by selection among individual organisms within the groups.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4691

#XL - T Zoology

Some cells carry a cheater mutation that makes spores but that avoids contributing to the stalk.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4692

#XL - T Zoology

Reciprocity

When one individual provides a fitness benefit to another, as long as the second individual is likely to return the favor later.

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#Id: 4693

#XL - T Zoology

Altruism

Altruistic acts serve to benefit the individual’s close relatives, or kin. They enhance the fitness of other individuals—their offspring—at a cost to themselves.