Thus, D glucose in aqueous solution exists as an equilibrium mixture of 5 compounds. The pyranose form predominates in solution.

aD glucofuranose (0.5%)

aD-glucopyranose (37%)

aldehydo- -glucose (0.003%)

bD-glucofuranose (0.5%)

bD-glucopyranose (62%)

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Proportional similarity values of less than 0.70 have been taken to indicate possible coexistence

While those greater than 0.70 indicate competitive exclusion.

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Character displacement

Morphological differences in two closely related species present in same geographical area while similar morphology when present at different geographical are

1. Niche diversification

2. Co-existence of many species

3. Evolutionary program

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Ecological compression

Short term evolutionary response

More number of species coexist together

Non inheritable trait

Not change habitat but reduce the food range

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                        Ecological compression

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ECOLOGICAL RELEASE

Ecological release is the expansion of range, habitat, and/or  resource usage by an organism.