The two key components in protein targeting in ER:

Signal recognition particle (SRP)

SRP receptor

TLS Online TPP Program

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#XL - R Botany

Sensing mechanism used by cells to detect incorrect chromosome attachments is based on tension.

TLS Online TPP Program

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#XL - R Botany

If Amphitelic attachment occur  Microtubules pull kinetochores; cohesins resist this pulling force. The resulting tension leads to the outer kinetochore component Ndc80 being pulled away from the protein kinase Aurora B

TLS Online TPP Program

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#XL - R Botany

The Aurora protein kinase family members Aurora A and Aurora B and their associated regulatory factors sense kinetochores that are not under tension and sever these microtubule attachments

TLS Online TPP Program

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#XL - T Zoology

Labile factors called cyclins drive the progression of cells through different stages of the cell cycle by binding to CDKs.

TLS Online TPP Program

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#XL - T Zoology

Cells commit to a new cell division at a specific point in G1 known as START or the restriction point.

TLS Online TPP Program

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#XL - T Zoology

R-factor 

In mammalian cells - cyclin D 

In yeast - Cln3