Character displacement

Morphological differences in two closely related species present in same geographical area while similar morphology when present at different geographical are

1. Niche diversification

2. Co-existence of many species

3. Evolutionary program

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Mark-recapture technique can have drawbacks;

1. Some animals that have been marked may learn to avoid the traps. 
2. Recapture rates will then be low, resulting in an overestimate of population size.

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Some animals can become trap-happy, particularly if the traps are baited with food. This would result in an underestimate of the population size.

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Clumped: The most common dispersion pattern is clumped, because resources tend to be clustered in nature. 

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Uniform: Competition may cause a uniform dispersion pattern between individuals. The pattern of trees and seedlings may appear random as seedlings develop from seeds dropped at random.

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1. The dispersion pattern starts out random but ends up uniform.
2. Uniform dispersions may also result from social interactions.
3. Territoriality between animals also causes uniform dispersion patterns.