His ionisation series

1------pK1-----pKr--------pKr------14

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9931

#XL - T Zoology

Original antigenic sin

Tendency to focus an immune attack on those structures that were present during the original.

This means that our immune systems effectively ignore the subtle changes occurring each year in pathogens

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7900

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy

caused by a missense mutation in the mtDNA gene

encoding subunit 4 of the NADH-CoQ reductase

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10729

#XL - R Botany

Modification of leaves

Leaves are often modified to perform functions other than photosynthesis.

Succulent leaves are also thickened leaves, but they are found above ground, still conduct photosynthesis, and function primarily in water storage

Spines are sharp projections derived from leaves that function in plant defense. Almost all cacti (in the plant family Cactaceae)  barberry and some Acacia species have spines 

Spines can also be formed from stipules (stipular spines) or bud scales.

Tendrils are another structure that can originate from multiple structures, including stems, leaves, or leaflets. 

leaves of glory lily are modified as tendrils

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9538

#XL - T Zoology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10092

#XL - T Zoology

Inside-out signaling

intracellular signaling pathways can, via adapter proteins, modify the ability of integrins to bind

to their extracellular ligands