Many large mammals, including humans and K selected individuals – Type I curve 

Many birds, small mammals, reptiles and some annual plants – Type II curve 

Many fish and marine invertebrates, r selected individuals - Type III curve

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9336

#XL - T Zoology

Kinase domains in TGF-β receptors phosphorylate and trigger the activation of a conserved class of transcription factors - Smads

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9337

#XL - T Zoology

Principal function of all 3 human TGF-β isoforms, TGF-β1, 2, and 3:

Prevent cell proliferation by inducing the synthesis of p15 INK4B

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9338

#XL - T Zoology

Monomeric active forms of all members of the TGF-β family (3 conserved intramolecular disulfide Linkages) contain a conserved cysteine residue that forms a disulfide bond links TGF-β monomers into functional homodimers

and heterodimers

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9339

#XL - T Zoology

TGF-β is synthesized with a, 

250-residue N-terminal prodomain

∼110-residue C-terminal TGF-β domain

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9340

#XL - T Zoology

N-terminal prodomain is required for proper folding and dimerization of the C-terminal TGF-β domain.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9341

#XL - T Zoology

TGF-β latency

In the Golgi prodomain is proteolytically cleaved from the mature growth factor but remains noncovalently attached even after secretion.