Human populations can exist at equilibrium densities in one of two ways:

1. High birth and high death rates

2. Low birth and low death rate

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#XL - T Zoology

Natural selection is any consistent difference in fitness among different classes of biological entities.

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#XL - T Zoology

Fitness is as the number of offspring an individual leaves in the next generation.

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#XL - T Zoology

Average fitness

In a species, only 1 of every 1000 seeds survives to reproductive age, and that those that survive produce an average of 3000 seeds.

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The components of fitness are survival and reproduction.

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Fitness

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#XL - T Zoology

Selection coefficient - which is the relative intensity of selection against a  genotype

Selection coefficient (1 - W)